Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV): What Every Cat Owner Should Know
What is FeLV?
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that affects cats, compromising their immune system and increasing vulnerability to infections, anemia, and certain cancers. It spreads through saliva, nasal secretions, urine, feces, and milk from infected cats.
How FeLV Spreads
FeLV is commonly transmitted through close contact like mutual grooming, shared food bowls, or bite wounds. Kittens can be infected via the mother’s milk. Indoor cats have a lower risk compared to outdoor cats.
Symptoms of FeLV
- Chronic fever and lethargy
- Weight loss and poor appetite
- Pale gums (anemia)
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Recurring infections (e.g. upper respiratory)
Treatment Options
While there is no cure for FeLV, supportive care can improve quality of life. The antiviral drug AZT (Zidovudine) has shown benefits in slowing viral replication and reducing symptoms. However, AZT must be used under veterinary supervision due to potential side effects like bone marrow suppression.
FeLV Vaccine Schedule
FeLV vaccination is recommended for kittens and at-risk adult cats (outdoor or multi-cat households). The usual schedule:
- First dose at 8–9 weeks
- Booster 3–4 weeks later
- Annual revaccination if continued risk exists
Life Expectancy
Cats with FeLV can live for several years if well cared for. Early detection and proper management (indoor housing, good nutrition, and regular vet checks) are key. On average, FeLV-positive cats live 2–4 years post-diagnosis.
FeLV vs. FIV: What’s the Difference?
Both FeLV and FIV are feline retroviruses, but they differ in transmission and effects. FeLV is more easily spread and leads to cancers and anemia, while FIV suppresses immunity over a longer course. Diagnosis and management vary between the two.
💡 Always consult your veterinarian for diagnosis, vaccination plans, or if your cat shows any unusual symptoms.
